Understanding Acne: Breaking Down the Different Types

When it comes to acne, no two breakouts are the same. What works for one skin type or concern may not work for another. We believe that education is key to treating your skin confidently and effectively. Understanding the various types of acne is the first step in knowing what your skin needs, and why certain treatments are recommended over others.

Here’s a breakdown of the most common types of acne we see in clinic, and what you need to know about each one.

Comedonal Acne (Blackheads and Whiteheads)

This is the most common and mild form of acne.

• Blackheads (Open Comedones): These form when a pore becomes clogged with sebum (oil) and dead skin cells, and the top of the pore stays open. The dark appearance is due to oxidation, not dirt.

  
  

• Whiteheads (Closed Comedones): These occur when the pore is completely blocked, trapping oil and skin cells inside and forming a small, flesh-coloured or white bump under the skin.

  
  

Common causes: Blocked pores from makeup, heavy skincare, or inadequate cleansing.

Treatment tip: Gentle exfoliation, salicylic acid, and proper cleansing can help keep these under control.

Inflammatory Acne (Papules and Pustules)

Inflammatory acne is more severe and can be sore or tender.

• Papules: Small, red, raised bumps caused by infected or inflamed hair follicles.

  
  

• Pustules: Similar to papules but contain pus at the tip, giving them a white or yellow head.

Common causes: Bacterial buildup, hormones, stress, or irritation from picking at the skin.

Treatment tip: Anti-inflammatory products, gentle cleansers, and targeted spot treatments like benzoyl peroxide or niacinamide are beneficial, but professional treatments may also be required for persistent cases.

Nodular Acne

Nodules are large, hard, painful lumps deep under the skin’s surface. They do not usually contain pus but can last for weeks or months if untreated. This is a more severe form of acne and can result in scarring.

Common causes: Genetics, hormonal fluctuations, and severe bacterial infections within the pores.

Treatment tip: This type of acne generally requires professional intervention, such as prescription treatments or in-clinic therapies like LED light therapy or peels.

Cystic Acne

Considered the most severe form of acne, cystic acne appears as large, red, painful, pus-filled cysts under the skin. It can lead to long-term scarring if left untreated.

Common causes: Severe hormonal imbalances, genetics, or chronic inflammation.

Treatment tip: Cystic acne requires medical-grade treatments, such as prescription oral medications (like antibiotics or isotretinoin) and professional clinical procedures.

Fungal Acne (Malassezia Folliculitis)

Often mistaken for regular acne, fungal acne is caused by yeast overgrowth rather than bacteria. It presents as small, itchy, uniform red bumps, usually on the forehead, chest, or back.

Common causes: Heat, humidity, sweating, or occlusive skincare products.

Treatment tip: Anti-fungal treatments (not typical acne products) are required to resolve this. A proper diagnosis is essential.

Why Professional Diagnosis Matters

Many people self-treat their acne without knowing which type they have, which can make matters worse. At Empowering Beauty, our skin specialists assess your skin’s unique condition to create a personalised treatment plan. Whether you need gentle clarifying facials, clinical-grade peels, LED therapy, or referral to a dermatologist, we're here to guide your journey to clearer, healthier skin.

Remember, acne is completely normal and nothing to be ashamed of, so don’t be hard on yourself. We're here to support you with personalised solutions to help you feel confident in your skin.

Want to know which type of acne you’re dealing with? Book a skin consultation today and take the guesswork out of your skincare.

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